Adsorpcyjne usuwanie wodnej fazy fioletu krystalicznego z wody za pomocą taniego aktywowanego węgla uzyskanego z martwych liści Palmy daktylowej (L)

Up to now, water pollution is still one of the important issues and challenges worldwide, due to its environmental, economic and human life impacts. It is also remains a challenge to environment scientists and technologists. Nowadays, the textile dyeing industry is considered one of the largest water consuming industries and produces large volumes of colored wastewater in its dyeing and finishing process. In this study, date palm tree leaflets (DPL) has been selected as a natural renewable source for the production of a new activated carbon (AC) utilized for the removal of crystal violet (CV) from water-dye system using a batch mode technique. The experiments studies were carried out at different initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH. The sorption exhibited high efficiency for CV adsorption and the equilibrium state could be achieved in 30 minutes for the different CV initial concentrations. CV removal was proved to increase with the increase in ACDL dose, pH, and contact time. Agitation rate and total volume of the reaction mixture were kept at 200 rpm and 20 mL respectively. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations was investigated and it was found that experimental data fitted very well to both Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was found to be 36.63 mg/g.Poziom zanieczyszczenia wody jest jednym z najważniejszych problemów do rozwiązania i wyzwań dla technologii remediacyjnych. Także przemysł farbiarski ma wpływ na zanieczyszczenie wód powierzchniowych ze względu na wytwarzanie dużych ilości ścieków powstałych w procesie barwienia i wykańczania materiałów. Liście palmy daktylowej zostały wybrane jako naturalne, odnawialne źródło materiału organicznego do wytwarzania węgla aktywnego, który może być wykorzystany w procesie usuwania fioletu krystalicznego. W trakcie badań zbadano wpływ stężenia barwnika, czasu kontaktu, masy złoża węgla aktywnego oraz pH wody na efektywność procesu usuwania barwnika. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że izotermy Freundlicha i Langmuira dobrze opisują przebieg procesu adsorpcji fioletu krystalicznego na złożu węgla aktywnego uzyskanego z martwych liści palmy daktylowej

The micronization as a key to modern pharmacy

Mikronizacja materiałów przeznaczonych do wytwarzania leków ma znaczenie kluczowe. Jest to jeden z czynników zapewnienia wysokiej jakości, a co za tym idzie, bezpieczeństwa produktów farmaceutycznych. W związku z tym, technologia mechanicznego rozdrabniania surowców farmaceutycznych rozwija się w olbrzymim tempie.The micronization of materials plays essential role in drug manufacturing. Granulation is one of the factors required to ensure high quality, and consequently safety of pharmaceutical products.Therefore, the technology of comminution of pharmaceutical materials is developed rapidly

Quantitative risk assessment of the introduction of low pathogenic avian influenza H5 and H7 strains into Poland via legal import of live poultry

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by H5 and H7 viruses is considered a threatening disease for poultry production due to the possibility of prolonged undetected virus circulation in a poultry flock and its potential to mutate to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). The occurrence of HPAI may have devastating impact on the poultry industry and has serious economic consequences. The possibility of LPAI virus (LPAIV) being introduced into Poland via import of live poultry from EU countries was considered. The main aim of the study was to quantitatively assess the probability of LPAIV H5 and H7 introduction into Poland (PLPAI) via this pathway, to evaluate the relative contribution of exporting countries and species of poultry to this probability and to present the spatial distribution of the introduction probability in Poland. To this end, a stochastic multilevel binomial risk model, taking into account uncertainty and variability of input parameter values, was developed. The results of this model indicate that the mean annual probability of LPAIV H5 or H7 introduction into Poland is 0.088 [95 % uncertainty interval: 0.0575, 0.128], which corresponds to, on average, one outbreak every 11 years. The countries contributing most to this probability are Germany, Czech Republic and Denmark. Importations of ducks, chickens and turkeys contribute most to PLPAI, whereas importations of geese and guinea fowl represent a minor risk. The probability of LPAIV introduction is not equally distributed across Poland with the majority of counties having a high probability of LPAIV introduction being located in the Western part of the country. The results of this study can be used to support decision makers on targeted prevention or risk-based surveillance strategies for LPAI.</p

STM and FIB nano-structuration of surfaces to localise InAs/InP(001) quantum dots

International audienc

Suspended two-dimensional electron and hole gases

International audienceWe report on the fabrication of fully suspended two-dimensional electron and hole gases in III-V heterostructures. Low temperature transport measurements verify that the properties of the suspended gases are only slightly degraded with respect to the non-suspended gases. Focused ion beam technology is used to pattern suspended nanostructures with minimum damage from the ion beam, due to the small width of the suspended membrane

Direct writing of iridium lines with a focused ion beam

Direct writing of metal features narrower than 100 nm is accomplished by scanning a focused ion beam over a substrate covered with a thin solid metalorg. film. A metalorg. cluster coordination compd. [Ir4(CO)11Br] [N(C2H5)4] is spun on an oxidized Si wafer from acetone soln. and the resulting layer is irradiated with a focused 20 keV Ga-ion beam. The partially decompd. irradiated film regions show a marked decrease of soly. in acetone. Developing by dissolving the nonirradiated parts of the surface hence leaves narrow lines of partially reacted metalorg. precursor. High temp. treatment of these lines, either in vacuum or in a reactive gas stream, completes the decompn. to quite pure Ir as is confirmed by micro-Auger anal. The lines with room temp. elec. resistivities as low as 400 mW cm were obtained at direct writing speeds of 40 mm s-1 to 0.8 mm s-1, which correspond to ion doses of 3.1 * 1016 ions/cm2 to 1.6 * 1015 ions/cm2, resp. The width of the metal lines decreases with decreasing ion dose in this range from 180 to 90 nm. The adhesion to the substrate increases with increasing ion dose. The thickness of the resulting Ir lines depends mainly on the thickness of the metalorg. precursor layer. The max. possible thickness of the [Ir4(CO)11Br] [N(C2H5)4] layer that can be used depends on the effective penetration depth of the ions in this layer